Friday, December 27, 2019

Vaccine Safety Concerns Of Vaccines Essay - 2260 Words

The debate about vaccines has been going on since the development of the first vaccine. By understanding how Dr. Jenner developed the first vaccine and how vaccines have impacted society as a whole, one can gain insight into their importance. Vaccine safety concerns are on the rise, but researchers are attempting to ease worries by providing facts and clarity on the subject of vaccines. Knowing the facts about vaccines is important for one to recognize misinformation and poor logic as well as the misinterpretation of existing information about health concerns associated with vaccines. Because of these health and safety concerns, many parents question the benefits of vaccines. First one should understand the history of how the first vaccine came to be and the evolution over the last two centuries. Dr. Edward Jenner is the English doctor responsible for the creation of the first vaccine. Dr. Jenner noticed that milkmaids exposed to cowpox contracted smallpox at much lower rates than ot hers (Riedel, 2005). This realization led to the discovery that exposure to the milder cowpox enabled the milkmaids to create the necessary antibodies to prevent smallpox (Lee Carson-Dewitt, 2016, p. 2). By discovering this association, Dr. Jenner was nearly able to eliminate the smallpox virus altogether (Lee Carson-Dewitt, 2016, p. 2). This one discovery has resulted in the development of many vaccines saving millions of lives from experiencing many life-threatening diseases (Lee Show MoreRelatedEncephalitis Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesEncephalitis (JE) vaccines were produced in the 1930s by the Japanese and Russians, and similar vaccines were used for the U.S. armies during the world war II (1). The first Nakayama strain based inactivated mouse brain-derived (IMB) JE vaccine was licensed in Japan in 1954 (2) and in the United States in 1992  (3). It then became the most widely used JE vaccine internationally and was also a part of the routine immunization programs in some Asian countries (4). However, concerns appeared regardingRead MoreBenefits And Risks Of Recommended Child Immunizations Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing the long term outcomes and the entire immunization schedule. Engaging parents in the stages of development is crucial to address any concerns about the childhood vaccines. The process of development of these vaccines have undergone years of approval and improvements. Parents need to understand how much time and effort has gone into developing these vaccines. By closing the gap of confusion and questions, parents can feel more secure in their decision to immunize their children. Introduction/ProblemRead MoreThe Vaccine Controversy Essay examples1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vaccine Controversy Janira Sanchez Intro to Biology Professor Martin July 22, 2010 The Vaccine Controversy The vaccine controversy is the dispute over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, and /or safety of vaccinations. The medical and scientific evidence is that the benefits of preventing suffering and death from infectious diseases outweigh rare adverse effects of immunization. Since vaccination began in the late 18th century, opponents have claimed that vaccines do notRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccination1241 Words   |  5 Pagesattend public schools. These are also only a few of the many, dangerous diseases that affect children. All vaccinations need to be made mandatory by the government, and this is the only way we can ensure the safety of children and the community. Many studies show an increase in the local risk of vaccine-preventable diseases when there is a geographic region of people refusing vaccination. For example, in Michigan, there was a significant correlation documented between geographic regions of nonmedical exemptionsRead MoreAutism Is A Neurodevelopmental Disorder962 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat public health concern. The genetics plays a role in autisms. However, environmental factors also can trigger autism. So the question about whether vaccination is one of these environmental factors was raised. Vaccines may trigger autism due to several reasons. First of all, thimerosal is a preservative in certain vaccines. About half of its weight is mercury (Hg) which could lead to autism (Delong, 2011, p.904). Therefore, thimerosal has been eliminated from many vaccines, but not all of themRead MoreWhy Should Vaccinations Be Important? Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pages To or to not vaccinate your children? Seems to be the question a lot of parents are debating. With such a big decision, it is encouraged to become educated with the principles of vaccinations, the safety of vaccinations with both sides of the debate, and the time frame that children receive vaccinations from birth to 18 years of age. Immunity. What is it? Why is it so important? And what does it do for us? To understand why vaccinations are so important, it is important to understand what immunityRead MoreHuman Papillomavirus Vaccine Controversy : Susan Le1707 Words   |  7 Pages Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Controversy Susan Le California State University, Sacramento Abstract Human Papillomavirus is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease that is believed to be the precursor of several cancers, especially cervical cancer. Researchers have developed a couple of vaccines believed to prevent several strains of the virus. Much controversy has surrounded the birth of this vaccine because law makers want to make the vaccine mandatory for school -aged childrenRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccinations1285 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated topic in society today. Vaccinations have long been defined as a successful health measure, but the safety of vaccines raise concerns among many parents. According to Glanz et al., â€Å"The issue of vaccine hesitancy can be examined from several different angles, many of which point to the delicate balance between personal liberty and public health† (2). Personal rights and public health concerns, collide on this subject. Many parents want to decide if their children should be immunized, while publicRead More The Impor tance of Childhood Vaccination Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagessince roughly 1979 (â€Å"Childhood†). Largely centered around a study published in 1998 in the British medical journal â€Å"The Lancet†, there has been an upsurge in concerns of the safety of vaccinations and a resulting decrease in their usage, which has lead to a somewhat anachronistic return of these diseases. While some parents concerns over the safety of vaccinations are based upon the well-intentioned desire to keep children safe from autism, the act of not vaccinating children actually causes far greaterRead MoreThe Medical Influence Of The American Medical Association1263 Words   |  6 PagesI am writing out of concern that the medical influence of our southern neighbour - the US - is gaining ground in our country. The American Medical Association, in particular, aims to influence our doctors towards changing how we do medicine in Canada. The recent annual Halifax meeting last August 23 to 26, f or instance, conducted under the leadership of the Canadian Medical Association, has an 80,000 member group ready to lobby for mandatory vaccinations (Mihalovic n.p.). If their influence among

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Graduation Speech High Education - 838 Words

A higher education has been an important priority in my life. While I realized a high school education was important, my parents expected more. They said if I wanted to succeed in life, a college education was something that I could not live without. What they don’t tell you is how exhausting and confusing the process is to get even into. First-generation Hispanic students are faced with more challenges than other ethnicities when seeking higher education. Many Hispanics face less economic and social resources than others students which make it hard for schools to be able to accommodate for these students. Often times, their parent’s socioeconomic status and lack of knowledge about our education system give these students an initial disadvantage. As these students proceed throughout school, insufficient resources and weak relationships with school personnel will undermine their academic success. These initial disadvantages will continue to accumulate which will just put these students back even farther. Hispanics are the largest and most rapidly-growing minority group in the United States, yet they have the lowest college completion rate (Lincoln, 2014). With this statistic, it will hinder their chances for stable employment. Being a first-generation Hispanic student, I did not fully understand the challenges that I had ahead. Throughout my college career, there were many ups and downs but not once did quitting cross my mind. For this assignment, I wantedShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : A High Quality Education Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesEquity in Access My mother was determined for all her children graduate from high school so we often moved to various counties in the St. Louis area because she knew a high quality education was based on zip code. I was now in my junior year and in my sixth high school and although difficult to believe, I was surrounded by middle and upper class families that looked like me. I walked into the corridor of this new school and resembled a shopping mall with vast resources for students. My obsessionRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Rite Of Passage1527 Words   |  7 PagesFor many adolescent individuals in America, graduation is considered a rite of passage. Often, Americans couple graduation with a celebration of opening a new chapter of their life. Specifically, transitioning from a high school student to a graduate. In this essay I will explain what a rite of passage is and what graduation is. Also, I will discuss how graduation is approached as a rite of passage in my culture, and what celebration in regards to graduation looks like and means to many. Almost allRead MoreAnalysis Of Graduation By Maya Angelou960 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou Racial segregation was very dominant in the United States in the mid nineteen hundreds. This is the time that Maya Angelou was graduating from the eighth grade in Stamps Arkansas. The theme of racial segregation is well shown by the how different the schools of the African-Americans was compared to that of whites in the essay â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou. In the essay the Angelou points out that Lafayette County Training School didn’t have a lawn, hedges, tennisRead MoreGraduation by Maya Angelou Critique1386 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 121 SL May 9, 2012 â€Å"Graduation† Critique â€Å"Graduation† was written by Maya Angelou in 1969. Angelou was born in Missouri, but after her parents divorced, she was sent to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, Angelou attended the Lafayette County Training School. The school is the setting for her essay â€Å"Graduation.† Angelou graduated from eighth grade at Lafayette with top honors and went on to graduate from high school. After high school, Angelou wrote overRead MoreTeaching Human Sexuality in the High School Curriculum1338 Words   |  5 Pages Facts of the Potential Litigation On August of 2011, Chancellor Dennis Walcott announced that all middle and high schools will be required to teach compulsory sexual health education as part of the core curriculum. Required Health classes focusing on human sexuality are provided as mandated at Edward R. Murrow high school. Some of the topics of this course include but are not limited to the following: HIV/AIDS, practicing of safe sex, sexually transmitted diseases, description of both male andRead MoreThe And School Promotion And Graduation Ceremonies1194 Words   |  5 Pageshas been questioned whether a middle school promotion and high school graduation should be allowed to be held in a church. The school could not hold the promotion and graduation ceremonies because the auditorium was found to be holding high levels of unhealthy chemicals from paint and this was also found at the middle and high school’s gyms and cafeterias.The school decided that the best option would be to hold the promotion and graduati on at an alternate indoor location, a Church. The Church is theRead More Freedom Of Expression Essay748 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Constitution. Students, however, do not have this right to the same extent as adults. This is because public schools are required to protect all students at the school. The major aspects of this right are speech and dress. Both the right to speech and dress are not absolute in public high schools. According to the American Civil Liberties Union: quot;You (students) have a right to express your opinions as long as you do so in a way that doesnt materially and substantially dirsupt classes orRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing992 Words   |  4 Pageswhile back, or have been wiped off the face of the earth somehow, I don’t know, I couldn’t possibly care any less about those that I went to high school with and that are there after me. Graduation was one of the better days of my young life. If you haven’t figured it out, I was not a fan of high school. They couldn’t pay or beg me enough to teach at any high school here in the county, hence why I am teaching at the middle school level, as my middle school days were sadly, the best days of schoolRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Admissions1424 Words   |  6 PagesDuring a typical high school graduation, speeches are given by a select few, notable students. These notable students normally include the two students who earned the highest grade point averages out of all the students in their graduating class - the valedictorian and the salutatorian. Imagine a graduation, however, with no valedictorian or salutatorian speech. Imagine if there was no valedictorian or salutatorian. Imagine if there was no distinction of students academic performance during commencementRead MoreThe Importance Of College Education975 Words   |  4 PagesEducation th at succeeds past the years of your high school graduation is what counts when you go out looking to make a career for yourself. Going into the start of high school parents, teachers, counselors, and many other administrators prep you for the path you need to take to college. An education that is beyond your senior of high school can be very beneficially to shaping your life and helping with many accomplishments you wish to have. A college education is something that shapes and helps develop

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

The Ancient City Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Ancient City Essay, Research Paper The Ancient City Pompeii How democratic was Pompeian political relations? In order to reply the above inquiry, it is first necessary to see the exact significance of the term democracy. Whilst it is hard to give an exact definition of the word, it is surely possible to make a list of the deductions of democratic authorities for a society and its citizens. Possibly the most obvious of these deductions, surely when considered from a modern point of view, would be that every full member of a society would be considered as being equal, and therefore would hold an equal say in the running and appointing of a authorities. Second, genuinely democratic authorities would besides connote that every member of society would hold an equal chance to be elected to a governmental place. Such an chance should at least, in theory anyhow, non be reliant on societal category or place, nor fiscal support. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ancient City Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, the being of a genuinely democratic system of authorities would besides connote that authoritiess be sporadically elected, and during any given term of authorities, politicians would be to the full employed by the province in the running of the state. Given such deductions of democracy, Pompeian political relations would look at first assessment to barely be democratic at all. Surely, it can be said that the politics of Pompeii in particular and by extension the politics of Roman society as a whole do not meet the modern, Western ideas of a relatively liberal, democratic society. However, such a modern, Western idea of democracy was one that was entirely alien to the citizens of Pompeii and to the citizens of many ancient civilizations. Therefore, the nature of Pompeian politics must be considered not only from a modern political standpoint, but also from a standpoint more relative to the political ideals of Pompeian society and the Roman Empire, where a very different form of democracy was in existence. Whilst such a form of democracy is very different to that of today, it is certainly accurate to say that there was at least some element of democracy in Pompeian politics. Without such an element of democracy, however small, Pompeii would have been run almost entirely by dictatorship, which would have resulted in an entirely autocratic system of government, or alte rnatively the reverse situation might have arisen with the arrival of anarchy. Since Pompeii was never entirely run by one individual autocrat or dictator, and never descended into complete anarchy, it must be true to say that in Pompeian politics there was always some small element of democracy, even if such democracy bares hardly any resemblance to today s ideas of democracy.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Longest Comet Tail Discovered Essay Example

Longest Comet Tail Discovered Essay INTRODUCTION TO COMETS The first recorded comet sighting happened in China more than 4,000 years ago.People have been terrified and fascinated by these great balls of light ever since.They appear to come out of nowhere and light up the night sky like balls of fire; this made people nervous. No one knew what to make of them. On May 1, 1996, the Ulysses spacecraft unknowingly flew through the tail of an invisible comet tail, which was subsequently discovered to be almost double the length of the longest previously known comet tail, measuring nearly 350 million miles. This close encounter between the spacecraft Ulysses and the tail of a lighting fast comet has helped scientists to identify that the longest comet tail ever discovered originated from Comet Hyakutake.According to Shanks, the tail of the Hyakutake comet extended more than 300 millions miles away from its nucleus, which is three times the distance from the earth to the sun, which labels it the longest tail ever recorded (2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Longest Comet Tail Discovered specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Longest Comet Tail Discovered specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Longest Comet Tail Discovered specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What is a Comet? What exactly is a comet tail, some might wonder. Comets are small, icy objects that formed at the dawn of the solar system, perhaps as far back as 4.5 billion years agoâ€Å"Comets are also ‘time capsules’ because they give us a view of the past† (Wilsdon, 2000, p.14)Scientists believe comets are chunks of material left over from the formation of the planets in our outer solar system – Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto – and that most comets can be found far beyond Pluto (Bonar, 1998, p. 14).Comets are often called dirty snowballs because they are made up of ice, dust, and organic molecules. As comets travel in their orbits around the sun, they can get close enough to the sun to warm up enough so that the ice begins to evaporate. This results in the trapped materials being released into space. Anatomy of a Comet As a comet nears the sun, its icy core boils off, forming a cloud of dust and gas. The front of the comet, whi

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Biography of Alice Creator, Lewis Carroll

Biography of Alice Creator, Lewis Carroll Born in 1832, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was the eldest boy of 11 children. Raised in Daresbury, Cheshire, England, he was known for writing and playing games, even as a child. An avid storyteller, Carroll enjoyed creating stories for children, and went on to publish two notable novels: â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland† and â€Å"Through the Looking Glass.† In addition to his career as a writer, Carroll was also known for being a mathematician and logician, as well as an Anglican deacon and a photographer. He passed away in Guildford, England on January 14, 1898, just a few weeks before his 66th birthday. Early Life Carroll was the eldest boy of 11 children (the third child) born to his parents on January 27, 1832. His father, Rev. Charles Dodgson, was a clergyman, having served as perpetual curate at the old parsonage at Daresbury, where Carroll was born. Rev. Dodgson went on to become the rector of Croft in Yorkshire, and despite his duties, always found time to tutor the children in their school studies and instill in them morals and values. Carroll’s mother was Frances Jane Lutwidge, who was known for being patient and kind with the children. The couple raised their children in a small isolated village, where the children found ample ways to amuse themselves throughout the years. Carroll, in particular, was known for coming up with creative games for the children to play, and eventually started writing stories and composing poetry. When the family moved to Croft after Rev. Dodgson was offered a larger parish, Carroll, who was 12 years old at the time, started developing â€Å"Rectory Magazines.† These publications were collaborative compositions within the family, and everyone was expected to contribute. Today, there are a few surviving family magazines, some of which are handwritten by Carroll and include his own illustrations. As a boy, Carroll was not only known for writing and storytelling, he was also known to have an aptitude for mathematics and classical studies. He received awards for his mathematics work during his time at Rugby School, which he attended after his years at Richmond School in Yorkshire. It is said that Carroll was bullied as a student and didn’t love his school days. He reportedly stammered as a child and never outgrew the speech impediment, and also suffered from having a deaf ear, the result of a severe fever. As a teenager, he experienced a severe instance of whooping cough. But his health and personal struggles in school never seemed to affect his academics studies or professional pursuits. In fact, Carroll later went on to enroll at Christ Church College in Oxford in 1851 after receiving a scholarship (known as a studentship at the school). He earned his degree in mathematics in 1854 and became a lecturer of mathematics at the school, which was akin to serving as a tutor. This position meant that Carroll was to take holy orders from the Anglican Church and to never marry, two requirements that he agreed upon. He became a deacon in 1861. The plan was for Carroll to become a priest, at which point he could have married. However, he decided that parish work was not the correct avenue for him and remained a bachelor his entire life. Years later, starting in the early 1880s, Carroll served as his college’s Curator of its Common Room. His time at Oxford came with a small salary and an opportunity to conduct research in mathematics and logic. Carroll was also afforded the luxury of pursuing his passion for literature, composition, and photography. Photography Career Carroll’s interest in photography began in 1856 and he found great joy in photographing people, particularly children and notable figures in society. Among those that he photographed included English Poet Alfred Lord Tennyson. At the time, photography was a complex practice that required strong technical expertise, as well as great patience and understanding of the process. As such, it’s no surprise that the craft brought much enjoyment to Carroll, who enjoyed more than two decades of practice in the medium. His work included developing his own studio and amassing a collection of photographs that is reported to have once included about 3,000 images, though it appears that only a fraction of his work has survived over the years. Carroll was known to have traveled with his gear, taking photos of individuals and saving them in an album, which was his chosen method for showcasing his work. He collected autographs from the individuals he shot and took the time to show them how their images would be used within the album. His photography was only displayed publicly once, showcased in a professional exhibition sponsored by the Photographic Society of London in 1858. Carroll gave up his practice of photography in 1880; some say that the modern developments of the art form made it too easy to create an image, and Carroll lost interest. Writing Career The mid-1850s were also a time of development for Carroll’s writing career. He began composing a number of not only mathematical texts but also humorous works. He adopted his pseudonym of Lewis Carroll in 1856, which was created when he translated his first and middle names into Latin, changing their order of appearance, and then translating them back to English. While he continued to publish his mathematical work under his given name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, his other writing appeared under this new pen name. The same year that Carroll assumed his new pseudonym, he also met a four-year-old girl named Alice Liddle, the daughter of the head of Christ Church. Alice and her sisters provided much inspiration for Carroll, who would create imaginative stories to tell them. One of those stories was the basis for his most famous novel, in which he described the adventures of a young girl named Alice who fell into a rabbit hole. Alice Liddle asked Carroll to turn his verbal tale into a written work, which was initially titled, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures Underground.† After several revisions, Carroll published the story in 1865 as the now famous title of, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.† The novel was illustrated by John Tenniel. The success of the book encouraged Carroll to write a sequel, â€Å"Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There,† which was published in 1872. This second novel drew from many of the stories the stories that Carroll had written years earlier, and included many of his famous Wonderland characters, including Tweedledee and Tweedledum, the White Knight, and Humpty Dumpty. The novel also included a popular poem titled, â€Å"Jabberwocky† about a mythical monster. The nonsensical piece of writing has long puzzled readers and provided ample opportunities for analysis and interpretation from scholars. Famous Quotes from Lewis Carroll While many children’s books of the times were written with the goal of sharing moral lessons for children, Carroll’s work was reportedly written purely for entertainment purposes. Some say that Carroll’s writing includes hidden meanings and messages about religion and politics, but most reports support the notion that Carroll’s novels did no such thing. They were purely entertaining books that were enjoyed by children and adults alike, particularly with their nonsensical characters and occurrences and the intelligent ways in which Alice responded to the various situations she encountered. â€Å"Everything’s got a moral, if only you can find it.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Contrariwise, if it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t. That’s logic.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"She generally gave herself very good advice (though she seldom followed it.)† Death His later years were taken up with mathematics and logic projects, as well as trips to the theater. Only a few weeks before his 66th birthday, Carroll fell ill with influenza, which eventually developed into pneumonia. He never recovered and died at his sister’s home in Guildford on January 14, 1898. Carroll was buried at the Mount Cemetery in Guildford and has a memorial stone in Poets’ Corner at Westminster Abbey.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Famous Person Story essays

Famous Person Story essays First, I would like to be Bill Gates. I would be the richest person in the whole wide world because I would never have to worry about borrowing money. I would own Microsoft, which is the leader in the computer software industry. What if the stock market crashed? Then that would be a problem because I would then go bankrupt. In the mean time, I would rather be a basketball star. I would like to be Michael Jordan, who is the best basketball player in many decades. Basketball would not be too hard because I play it in my leisure time. I would get money for entertaining the crowd with my three-pointers and dunks. Even though, I would not be as wealthy as Bill Gates, I would still become famous in basketball. I would also like to become famous in football. I would choose to be Walter Payton if I became famous in football. Even though I risk my chances of getting hurt with my speed and size, I should be able to run over the tacklers and find my way into the end zone. Obviously, I am more physical but Bill Gates and Michael Jordan have more money then I do. I would enjoy becoming famous in baseball, too. Sometimes, I think about hitting homeruns; thats why I would enjoy being Ken Griffey Jr. I can hit homeruns day and night with my strength. I could also be the hero of the day for my team by hitting a game winner. I would go in the record books for all my homeruns that I hit. Well, I would get worn-out after a while so in addition, I would like becoming a rapper. Finally, I would like to be Nelly. I know I would get famous after one hit song because I am well known. I would make plenty of cash for selling my music. Well, I guess it is up to me who I really want to be. Do I really know who I really want to be? ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Importance of Children Literacy in Early Years Dissertation

The Importance of Children Literacy in Early Years - Dissertation Example The children in their early stages have a particular mindset and developmental learning needs. They usually learn by seeing others in their surroundings from where they belong to, especially from their parents and all those who are providing care for them. So it highly important for them to give proper effort and nurture them to such an extent so that the child develops proper learning spirits. It will help the children to gain various subject knowledge, skills and understanding levels. It is important to provide them with a learning environment so that children can develop their own active learning. (Whitehead, 2009, p.x) It is important for the children in their formation stage to develop language and communication skills. This can be developed similarly which have been mentioned above by the carers, parents, teachers, and people who all are associated with the children during this period. As is known that learning is a continuous process. So it is obvious that children start learn ing since they are born. Thus during this period, they need proper guidance which will help them in future to be a better human being. So communication and language in that sense remain the most important part of a child’s growth stage. (Whitehead, 2007, p.xv) so it needs to keep in mind that development in the early years is very vital part as it is the most delicate stage of children. They could be mold in every possible way which will guide them to build up their future. The purpose of this study is to understand and review the theory concerning early literacy development. The different areas of literacy development could be language, communication structure, writing and reading skills. (Many, 2009, p.171) the view of literacy practices of children in early years must be recognized in their own way rather than forcing them to do something follow any particular strategy forced by other (Bradford, 2009, p.14). A change model is used to propose changes in child literacy progr ams on the basis of the literature survey conducted. The literature search strategy which we will be using here is various sources from books, scholarly articles and other information from Ebsco website. Ebsco provides a database of various articles which can help to collect detail information about the subject. Thorough study on the literature review of various authors will give an idea about the discussion and how they have formulated the issues. Apart from this primary and secondary researches will be evaluated which will provide detailed information about the study. Primary researches conducted by researchers and the result which has been generated as per those researches will help to simplify the matter.